Bartonella is a type of bacteria that can cause several illnesses in humans, including cat scratch disease, trench fever, and bacterial endocarditis. These infections can be challenging to diagnose because the symptoms are often non-specific and may overlap with other diseases. However, a Bartonella PCR test can help identify the presence of the bacteria in the body. In this blog post, we will discuss everything that patients need to know about Bartonella PCR testing.
Understanding Bartonella Infections
Bartonella infections are caused by bacteria that can be transmitted to humans through bites from infected fleas, ticks, lice, and other insects. Cats are also known to carry Bartonella species in their saliva and claws, which is why cat scratch disease is a common infection in humans. Other animals such as dogs, rats, and even antelopes can also carry these bacteria.
While most Bartonella infections are mild and self-limiting, some can cause more severe health problems, especially for people with weakened immune systems. For instance, trench fever caused by Bartonella quintana is a significant concern among homeless individuals who live in unsanitary conditions.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Bartonella infections can vary depending on the type of infection, but they often include:
- Swollen lymph nodes near the site of the bite or scratch
- Fever
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Poor appetite
- Skin pustule often found at site of bite or scratch usually occurs 1 to 2 weeks before lymph nodes begin to swell
- Neck pain
- Leg pain
- Stretch marks/Bartonella striae
What is a Bartonella PCR test?
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test detects the presence of Bartonella DNA in a patient’s blood or tissue sample. It is a highly sensitive and specific test that can identify the bacteria even if there is a low amount in the blood. The test is usually ordered by a physician who suspects a Bartonella infection.
What does the test involve?
A Bartonella PCR test involves taking a small amount of blood, usually from a vein in the arm. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory where technicians use PCR to detect and amplify the Bartonella DNA. Doctors may also order tissue samples if they suspect a localized infection, such as cat scratch disease.
What are the benefits of a Bartonella PCR test?
A Bartonella PCR test is beneficial because it can detect the presence of the bacteria in the blood or tissue samples, even in the early stages of the infection. Early diagnosis is crucial in treating Bartonella infections promptly. The test can also help distinguish Bartonella infections from similar diseases like Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses. It can aid in the selection of appropriate antibiotic treatment and monitor the response to treatment.
What are the limitations of the test?
Like any medical test, Bartonella PCR testing also has limitations. Test results can be affected if the patient has already taken antibiotics for another infection. This is because antibiotics can suppress the growth of bacteria, making it difficult to detect their presence in the bloodstream. False-negative results are possible if the test is performed too early in the infection or if there is a low amount of bacteria in the blood or tissue sample. Therefore, doctors may order additional tests if they suspect a Bartonella infection despite negative test results.
How can patients prepare for it?
Patients do not need any special preparation for the test. It is usually performed on an outpatient basis, and patients can eat and drink normally before the test. Patients should inform their doctor of any medications or supplements they are taking before the test, as some drugs can interfere with the test results.
Bartonella PCR testing is an essential diagnostic tool for identifying Bartonella infections in patients. It is a highly sensitive and specific test that can detect the presence of the bacteria even in the early stages of the infection. At Functional Healing with Dr. Tara, we offer Bartonella PCR testing to our patients as part of a comprehensive diagnostic approach. Contact us today to learn more and schedule an appointment. We are here to help you on your journey towards optimal health and wellness!
